Probiotics in valorization of innate immunity across various animal models

Abstract Immunity is the ability of the body to counteract pathogenic invasions. Dearth of it compromises health and survival, rendering its retention and escalation to be of paramount importance. In this regard, probiotics, the live microorganisms that offer health benefits by modulating gut microbiota and reinforcing host immunity, have proven to be very crucial. Probiotics along with their effector molecules have been demonstrated to confer immuno-regulatory, anti-angiogenesis, anti-allergic, anti-colitis and anti-dermatitic activities, among others. Interaction between probiotics and immune cells are vital for mucosal tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. Ample evidences have accumulated in recent times, supporting these findings. The major in vitro , in vivo and clinical trial findings have been summarized here. How nutritional interventions with probiotics can bolster innate immunity is the focal point of discussion. The immunological mechanisms of probiotic action in mucosal architecture restoration and pathogen elimination have been explained. Augmentation of probiotics by pairing with prebiotics has been briefly analyzed. The revolutionizing power of personalized probiotics in healthcare has been furnished in a nutshell. Probiotics have already been established as important components of functional foods. This review provides the immunomodulatory aspect of probiotics in appreciating their potentials, and discerning deficiencies.