High-yield production of monolayer boron nitride nanosheets by cationic-surfactant-assisted solvothermal exfoliation for the ultrafast and selective separation of U(VI) from lanthanides

Abstract The efficient separation and recovery of uranium(VI) (U(VI)) from lanthanides is pivotal to reduce the radioactive threat of hydrometallurgical residue solution of lanthanide minerals and benefits the sustainability of U resources. Here, we develop a cationic-surfactant-assisted solvothermal exfoliation method to prepare monolayer boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) for the ultrafast and selective separation of U(VI) from lanthanides. With the assistance of the strong “cation–π” interaction between cationic surfactants and BN, the monolayer BNNSs were prepared. Functionalization with diamide phenanthroline (DAPhen) groups endows the pristine BNNSs, which can hardly adsorb U(VI), with outstanding U(VI) adsorption performance. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate that the obtained DAPhen modified BNNSs (BNNSs-DAPhen) exhibited high maximum adsorption capacity and ultrafast adsorption kinetics. The adsorption process reached equilibrium less than 1 min and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 313 mg g−1 by fitting with Langmuir model. Even under high concentrations of salts and acids, BNNSs-DAPhen still maintained excellent adsorption performance owing to the strong complexing ability of DAPhen groups with U(VI). The selectivity coefficients of U(VI) toward various lanthanides including lanthanum(III), cerium(III), europium(III), gadolinium(III), ytterbium(III), and lutetium(III) were beyond 120 at a high nitric acid concentration of 5 mol L−1. This work proposed a universal strategy for the production of monolayer BNNSs and the subsequent functionalization, which might be promising in the treatment of residual solution for lanthanides hydrometallurgy and decontamination of U(VI).