Rehabilitación de los pacientes después de la colocación de una endoprótesis coronaria
2011
Patient rehabilitation after coronary stent placement RESUMEN La incorporacion precoz del enfermo al que se ha realizado una angioplastia con stent a su vida habitual, por ausencia de impedimentos propios de la tecnica, ha permitido incluir mas pronto a estos pacientes en la fase II de la rehabilitacion cardiaca. Aunque la rehabilitacion del paciente coronario sigue para todos los pacientes unas pautas generales que pretenden abordar desde un punto de vista de prevencion secundaria la aterosclerosis coronaria, las circunstancias de cada enfermo, entre las que se incluye la tecnica con que ha sido revascularizado, determinan aspectos individuales de la rehabilitacion del enfermo con cardiopatia isquemica. El ejercicio fisico continuado (entrenamiento fisico) produce, por si mismo, grandes beneficios cardiovasculares para la prevencion cardiovascular primaria y secundaria. En pacientes con infarto disminuye la mortalidad y mejora la capacidad funcional, la funcion ventricular y el remodelado ventricular, y hay esperanzas de que pueda mejorar la circulacion colateral. Tambien mejora la funcion endotelial y estimula la circulacion de celulas madre. Se ha demostrado que el entrenamiento fisico tras revascularizacion percutanea disminuye el numero de eventos y que en pacientes con angina estable el entrenamiento fisico produce menos eventos que la revascularizacion percutanea. Palabras clave: Rehabilitacion cardiaca, ejercicio y entrenamiento fisico, endoprotesis coronarias, stents , revascularizacion percutanea, aterosclerosis coronaria. ABSTRACT Patients who have undergone angioplasty with stenting can be reintegrated into normal life at an early stage, thanks to the absence of sequelae associated with the procedure itself. Consequently, these patients can be involved earlier in the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation. Although rehabilitation for coronary patients follows the general guidelines used for all patients, which were developed with the secondary prevention of coronary artery atherosclerosis in mind, the specific form of rehabilitation adopted for each individual with ischemic heart disease will depend on the patient's circumstances, including the revascularization technique used. Regular physical exercise (i.e. physical training), in itself, has substantial cardiovascular benefits for both primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. In patients who have had a myocardial infarction, training decreases mortality, increases functional capacity and improves ventricular function and remodeling. It is also thought to boost the collateral circulation. In addition, training improves endothelial function and stimulates the circulation of stem cells. It has been shown that physical training after percutaneous revascularization decreases the number of cardiac events. Moreover, in patients with stable angina, it results in fewer events than percutaneous revascularization. Key words: Cardiac rehabilitation, physical exercise, physical training, coronary endoprosthesis, stents, percutaneous revascularization, coronary atherosclerosis.
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