Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 with theoretical capacity in Li2CO3-ammonia-ballmilling system

Abstract A new Li 2 CO 3 -ammonia-ballmilling system was developed to synthesize the spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) with perfect crystal structure. Different from other method for preparing LTO, two Li sources of Li 2 CO 3 and LiOH are dynamic in-situ generation in this mechanical chemistry method, which leads to a hydrate precursor with the pre-arranged 4-cooperated Li + and 6-cooperated Li + . The capacity of obtained LTO reaches 175.1 mAh g −1 at current rate of 0.5C and keeps nearly 100% capacities even after 300 cycles. A hydrate transforming process in site was proposed to explain the good performance. And more, its capacities at high rates could be enhanced obviously by coating an N doped C layer.