Les complications post opératoires précoces des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux dans le service de chirurgie générale et digestive du chu Yalgado Ouédraogo au Burkina Faso : à propos de 98 cas

L’evolution post operatoire precoce des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux est marquee de complications liees a l’insuffisance de prise en charge. Le but de cette etude etait de decrire les complications post operatoires precoces des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux dans le service de chirurgie generale et digestive du CHU-YO. Il s’est agi d’une etude transversale a caractere descriptif couvrant la periode du 1 er janvier au 31 decembre 2015 et realisee a partir de patients de 15 ans et plus operes dans le service de chirurgie generale et digestive du CHU-YO pour abdomens aigus chirurgicaux. Durant la periode d’etude, nous avons collige 98 patients soit 16,6% des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux qui ont presente au total 159 des complications post operatoires precoces. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 35,1 ans. Le sex-ratio etait de 1,72. Les acteurs du secteur informel etaient plus concernes (31,6%). Les patients de bas niveau socioeconomique etaient retrouves dans 49% des cas. Les patients provenant de zones urbaines representaient 59,2%. La peritonite aigue generalisee etait l’etiologie la plus frequente (68,4%) et celle qui a enregistree le plus de complications post operatoires (72,3%). Les complications post operatoires precoces etaient infectieuses dans 76,7% des cas. La suppuration parietale (31%), la septicemie (13,2%), la peritonite post operatoire (6,3%), la fistule digestive (5,7%), l’evisceration (5,7%), l’infection pulmonaire (4,4%) et l’infection urinaire (3,7%) etaient les complications retrouvees. Le traitement a ete chirurgical dans 18,4% des cas. La survenue des complications post operatoires est essentiellement liee a l’urgence, au malade, a l’intervention. La mortalite etait de 13,3%. Pour conclure, la maitrise de la prevention des infections contribuera a la reduction considerable des complications post operatoires des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux. Mots-cles: complications, post operatoires, abdomen aigu, Burkina Faso English Abstract Postoperative evolution of acute surgical abdomen is marked by many complications. The aim of this study was to describe the early postoperative complications of acute surgical abdomen in the service of general and digestive surgery of the university hospital YO. Cross-sectional study in descriptive character for the period from 1 January to 31 December 2015 and made from patients 15 years and older admitted and operated in the service of General and Digestive Surgery of the university hospital -YO to acute surgical abdomen. During the study period, we collected 98 patients who have Early postoperative complications which represented 16.6% of acute surgical abdomen. They present 159 early postoperative complications. The average age of patients was 35.1 years. The sex ratio was 1.72. The informal sector workers were more concerned (31.6%). Patients of low socioeconomic were found 49% of cases. Patients from urban areas accounted for 59.2%. The generalized acute peritonitis was the most common etiology (68.4%) and that has recorded the most postoperative complications (72.3%). The complications were infectious in 76.7% of cases. Parietal suppuration (31%), sepsis (3.2%), the postoperative peritonitis (6.3%), digestive fistula (5.7%), evisceration (5.7%), pulmonary infection (4.4%) and urinary tract infection (3.7%) were the complications most found. The treatment was surgical in 18.4% of cases. The occurrence of postoperative complications is mainly due to the emergency, the patient, intervention. Mortality was 13.3%. To conclude, the control of infection contribute to the significant reduction of early surgical postoperative complications of acute abdomens. Keywords: Post operative, complications, Acute, surgical abdomen