Cloning, preparation and characterization of biologically active recombinant caprine placental lactogen

Caprine placental lactogen (cPL) cDNA was cloned by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR from total RNA of goat placenta. The PCR product encoding for the mature protein was gel purified, ligated to pGEM-T and finally subcloned into a pET8c prokaryotic expression vector. E. coli cells (BL-21) transformed with this vector over-expressed large amounts of cPL upon induction with Isopropyl- 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside. The expressed protein, found in the inclusion bodies, was refolded and puritied to homogencity on Q-Sepharose and SPSepharose columns, yielding two electrophoretically pure fractions (cPL-Q and cPL-S), composed of over 98% of monomeric protein of the expected molecular mass of ∼23 kDa. Binding of cPL to the extracellular domain (ECI)) of prolactin receptors (PRLR) from rat (r). rabbit (rb), and bovine (b), growth hormone receptors (GHR) from human (h) and rabbit, and binding to rabbit mammary gland membranes revealed similar binding profiles for cPL-Q, cPL-S and ovine (o)PL. Caprine PL was capable of forming 1:2 complexes with hGHR-ECD, rbGHR-ECD, rPRLR-ECD and rbPRLR-ECD whereas with bPRLR-ECD only a 1:1 complex was detected. The biological activity of both cPL fractions resulting from proper renaturation was further evidenced by their ability to stimulate proliferation of Nb 2 cells, FDC-P1 cells transfected with rabbit or human GHRs and by stimulation of β-casein synthesis in rabbit and ovine mammary gland acini cultures.