The development of teaching materials oriented problem-based learning integrating Tifa to train student’s critical thinking skills

The purpose of this study was to develop problem-based learning teaching materials with the integration of Tifa to improve students’ critical thinking skills. This developmental research employed the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate), and involved 24 students at Yapis Manokwari High School; it focused on the lesson about ecosystems. The data were from validation sheets, questionnaires, learning evaluation, and critical thinking rubric. The study found that the developed teaching materials were valid. Further, the implementation of the teaching material was effective in developing critical thinking of the students. 50% of the students fell under good category in terms of their critical thinking, and only 41.67% were categorized moderate. However, none of the students were in excellent and very poor or very weak category. The research shows that problem-based learning teaching materials with the integration of Tifa are feasible and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.