Multiple variants in toll-like receptor 4 gene modulate risk of liver fibrosis in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis C infection

Background/Aims Seven genomic loci, implicated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have recently been associated with progression to advanced fibrosis (fibrosis risk) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Other variants in these loci have not been examined but may be associated with fibrosis risk independently of or due to linkage disequilibrium with the original polymorphisms. Methods We carried out dense genotyping and association testing of additional SNPs in each of the 7 regions in Caucasian case control samples. Results We identified several SNPs in the toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) and syntaxin binding protein 5-like ( STXBP5L ) loci that were associated with fibrosis risk independently of the original significant SNPs. Haplotypes consisting of these SNPs in TLR4 and STXBP5L were strongly associated with fibrosis risk (global P =3.04×10 −5 and 4.49×10 −6 , respectively). Conclusions Multiple variants in TLR4 and STXBP5L genes modulate risk of liver fibrosis. These findings are of relevance for understanding the pathogenesis of HCV-induced liver disease in Caucasians and may be extended to other ethnicities as well.