Purinergic Signaling: A New Pharmacological Target Against Viruses?

Viral diseases represent a major global problem in human health, with high morbidity and mortality. Despite recent progress in antiviral treatments, several viral diseases are still not controlled and millions suffer from them every year. It has recently emerged that purinergic signaling participates in viral infection and replication. Furthermore, stimulation of purinergic receptors in infected cells also induces inflammatory and antiviral responses, thus contributing to the host antiviral defense. Here we review the multiple roles played by the purinergic signaling network in cell–virus interactions that can lead either to viral maintenance in the cells or, by contrast, to stronger antiviral responses, and discuss potential future applications of purinergic signaling modulation for the treatment of viral diseases.