Pulmonary vein anatomy assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients undergoing initial atrial fibrillation ablation: implications for novel ablation technologies

Background Novel atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation tools have been designed to facilitate “single-shot” pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using multi-electrode or balloon-based catheters. However, in contrast to point-by-point radiofrequency ablation, these tools may be more dependent on suitable PV anatomy to achieve circumferential PV isolation.