Effects of bivalve shell particles of hyriopsis cumingii on the performances of epoxy resin studied by positron annihilation

Mussel shell particles sized in micrometer level have been prepared with a ball mill. The X-ray powder diffractrometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results proved that the shell particles contained mainly CaCO3 in the form of aragonite, together with small amount of organic phase. EP modified with shell particles showed a much rougher fracture surface than unfilled EP. The mechanical properties have been improved obviously by adding the shell particles in EP from 1% to 5%. The particle would occupy a number of free volume holes of the EP matrix. This would lead to a decrease in the total free volume concentration of the composites. The particles acted as a bridge to make more molecules interconnected for the good interfacial adhesion, resulting in a reduction of the free volume hole size in the interfacial layers. I2 reached its highest value when 3% shell particles were added and then decreased as the shellparticles content increased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008