6.616 – Materials in Fracture Fixation

Fracture fixation has presented a challenge to orthopedic surgeons since fixation methods were first available. Understanding current concepts of fracture fixation including load-bearing and load-sharing devices is important for selecting the optimal fixation device for each individual. Biomaterial properties of each implant play a major role in the success of fracture treatment. Biomaterials used for orthopedic applications have unique functional and safety requirements. Ideally materials should be biocompatible, resistant to corrosion, and have adequate mechanical properties to protect the bone until the fracture is healed. The major principles to treat fracture include stable fixation and preferable load-sharing devices to reduce stress shielding phenomenon. In the settings where bone quality is suboptimal such as osteoporosis, biomaterials such as ceramics are important to augment bone defects and enhance rigidity of fixation devices to bone. Advancements in the development of new biomaterials as well as coatings for the treatment of fracture have been attempted and undergone tremendous researches. Moving forward, clinicians and manufacturers must look beyond the mechanical properties as the main focus of fracture healing and toward combined mechanical and biological constructs that can enhance bone healing not only on a structural level but also on a cellular level.