Transcatheter Retrograde Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects in Children With the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II Device

To the Editor: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) is a well-established procedure but is associated with an unacceptable incidence of complete heart block (CHB) ([1,2][1]). We describe retrograde single catheter closure of pmVSDs by an off-label use of the