Critical assessment of the enthalpy of fusion of metals used as enthalpy standards at moderate to high temperatures

Enthalpy of fusion values for metals used as enthalpy standards are critically assessed. Recent developments of high temperature DSCs imply that potential standards for higher temperature use must also be considered. The fusion values for Ga, In, Sn, Cd, Bi, Pb, Zn, Sb, Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Ni and Co are treated here. We are hence covering materials for use from ambient temperature and up to 1768 K. A detailed review of the enthalpy of fusion determinations reported for each individual metal is presented in terms of sample quality and the methodology used. The accompanying evaluation leads to recommended values for the enthalpy of fusion of the metals and estimates of the uncertainty of the mean. The statistical method used is discussed in some detail. In reaching the recommended values for the enthalpy of fusion of the metals, the uncertainty of each individual determination has been estimated. Arguments regarding the effects of sample quality, intrinsic defects, and thermal treatment to aid in the assignment of uncertainties as well as a short review of the main calorimetric techniques used are presented.