Endovascular treatment for hemothorax via contralateral internal thoracic artery branch after Nuss procedure – A case report

Abstract The Nuss procedure is performed widely as a standard surgical treatment for pectus excavatum. Compared to conventional methods, the Nuss procedure excels in cosmetic terms and involves fewer complications. A 14-year-old boy developed right hemothorax with a sudden shock one month after the Nuss procedure. We identified the bleeding from left internal thoracic artery (ITA) branch and achieved hemostasis by endovascular coil embolization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to report that the ITA on the contralateral side of the hemothorax was responsible for the bleeding.