Real-time monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular cGMP in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Real-time and noninvasive imaging of intracellular second messengers in mammalian cells, while preserving their in vivo phenotype, requires biosensors of exquisite constitution. Here we provide the methodology for utilizing the single wavelength cGMP-biosensor δ-FlincG in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells.