Hall thrustor capable of realizing self cleaning of polluted membrane of discharge channel and self cleaning method of Hall thrustor

The invention relates to a Hall thrustor capable of realizing self cleaning of a polluted membrane of a discharge channel and a self cleaning method of the Hall thrustor, which aim to resolve problems that an exiting method for cleaning a polluted membrane of a discharge channel of a Hall thrustor by means of opening a vacuum tank is easy to change vacuum conditions of a test device, assembly errors are easy to be caused during assembly and disassembly, and experimental results are affected greatly. An anode is arranged in the middle of the discharge channel; a cathode is arranged at an outlet of the discharge channel; an outer coil and an inner coil are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the outlet of the discharge channel; the outer coil, the inner coil and an additional coil form an excitation loop after being electrified and excited; and a self cleaning power source is added between a gas distributor and the anode to form a self cleaning preionization electric field. The cleaning method includes steps of firstly, generating self cleaning ions; and secondly, forcing out an inner wall surface or an outer wall surface by the aid of the self cleaning ions to realize self cleaning of the polluted membrane of the discharge channel. An ion jet flow direction is controlled by means of changing magnetic field configuration, so that the self cleaning method is realized, and the structure of the thrustor does not need to be changed.