Substrateless singlemode vertical cavity surface-emitting GaAs/GaAlAs laser diode

Novel low threshold GaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a completely removed substrate for compact hybrid integration are fabricated. Room temperature CW threshold currents of 3.6 mA and external efficiencies of 25% are achieved with 8 mu m diameter gain guided VCSELs. Stable singlemode operation up to temperatures of 60 degrees C is demonstrated. >