Medición de la sostenibilidad energética

Cities are complex entities, in which numerous actors and diverse scenarios are superimposed that are not only related to the physical-environmental conditions of the territories but also to the cultural baggage, socio-economic frameworks and historical perspectives that have shaped them for centuries. However, these complexity scenarios present the greatest opportunities for sustainability actions, not only because of the demand for resources that is necessary for their operation but also because of the environmental repercussions that they cause on the planet. Starting from the leading role of cities in the achievement of global goals, this project recognizes the importance of the use of energy in this work, bringing to light the different aspects in which it intervenes and in which it is necessary to intervene If you want to reach a more sustainable city energetically speaking, which will intrinsically achieve greater sustainability of the whole urban space. From the work of the United Nations to promote sustainable development explicitly recognizes the role of the energy, and in particular, in the Millennium Development Goals, the number 7 is dedicated exclusively to energy. There is a transcendental relationship between energy and sustainable development that highlights the importance of access to an efficient modern energy that allows a technical control over it, that contributes to a low carbon economy, and that is not polluting. From this work, we focus on the fact that the energy systems used in a city will contribute to the achievement of sustainability in any of the other areas. Therefore, urban energy sustainability should be aimed at improving the balance of raw material flows and the production of waste/pollutants, which will unfailingly improve urban habitability, as well as favour the global goals of sustainable development.Therefore, a methodology for evaluating the city's energy sustainability has been created, which characterizes the final use of energy, energy systems and flows, as well as other intrinsically related concepts that must be quantified. like, the improvement of the quality of the air in the urban surroundings, the reduction of dependency of fossil fuels with the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions, the energetic efficiency in the transport, and in the buildings. Three blocks of indicators have been defined, which conveniently articulated offer us an objective measurement of the energy sustainability of a city: BASIC ENERGY INDICATORS: correspond to the energy balance of the city system, and define how the set of essential indicators to have complete information on the energy sustainability of a city, addressing the urban metabolism (energy vector as inputs and vector pollutants). INSTRUMENTAL ENERGY INDICATORS: besides the knowledge of the energy balance, indicators have been defined that are related to those actions that help to improve the energy indicators. COMPLEMENTARY ENERGY INDICATORS: for the fulfilment of the global objectives of sustainability, it is necessary to complement the information with other indicators, which, although they have minor influence and are expressly limited to the city area, are necessary for the global assessment. The cities of Barcelona and Malaga have been evaluated as pilot cities, in which to check the methodology and establish guidelines to extrapolate the conclusions to other cities.