Correct determination of the enhancement curve is critical to ensure accurate diagnosis using the Kaiser score as a clinical decision rule for breast MRI

Abstract Objectives the Kaiser score is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool to improve breast MRI interpretation. Contrast enhancement kinetics are the second most important diagnostic criterion, thus defining the curve type plays a crucial role in Kaiser score assessment. We investigate whether the timepoint used to determine the initial enhancement (earlyor peak) for the signal-intensity time curve analysis affects the diagnostic performance of the Kaiser score. Methods This IRB-approved, retrospective, single-center study included 70 consecutives histologically verified breast MRI cases. Two off-site breast radiologists independently read all examinations using the Kaiser score, assessing the initial enhancement using three approaches: -first (1 st), second (2nd) and peak (maximum) of either 1 st or 2nd post-contrast timepoints. The initial enhancement was then compared to the last timepoint (delayed enhancement) to determine the curve type. Visual assessment of curve types was used for this study. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results Kaiser score reading results using the peak enhancement of either the first or second timepoint performed significantly better than the other approaches (P  Conclusions Diagnostic performance of the Kaiser score is significantly influenced by how the initial enhancement timepoint is determined. Peak enhancement should be used as initial timepoint to avoid pitfalls due to timing or physiological differences.