Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome

Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome “Running title : Long-term antibiotic impacts Hedvig Jakobsson 1,2 , Cecilia Jernberg 1 , Anders F Andersson 1,3 , Maria Sjolund-Karlsson 1 , Janet K Jansson 4,5* , and Lars Engstrand 1,2 Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden, 2 Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, 3 Limnology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden, 4 Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. Ecology Department, Lawrence phone number: +46 (8) 4572412; fax: +46-8-301797; email: hedvig.jakobsson@smi.se ∗Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden. Phone: +46-8-4572415. Fax: 46-8- 301797. Email: lars.engstrand@smi.se Abbreviations: T-RFLP, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism; TRFs, terminal- restriction fragments; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; CA, correspondence analysis; erm, erythromycin resistance methylase. *Jansson's work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.