Validation of the Brazilian version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales: a partial least squares path modeling approach.

Background and Purpose: Assessing patient satisfaction requires reliable and valid instruments. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (B-NSNS). Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 351 adult inpatients. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) approach was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of this instrument. Results: After the adjustments of model, both constructs exhibited adequate convergent and discriminant validity, showing that experiences with nursing care have a significant effect on patient satisfaction (r = .70) and account for 49.1% of the variance in patient satisfaction with the nursing care (R^sup 2^ = 0.49). Conclusions: The B-NSNS result in a valid and reliable measure for use in managing nursing care.Keywords: nursing care; patient satisfaction; quality of health care; validation studiesNursing professionals have assumed most of the professional and social responsibil- ity for gathering data to help guide and improve health care. Nurses have fulfilled this role because they are constantly at the patient's side, providing health care on behalf of their institutions (Chang, Chen, & Lan, 2011) and acting as a key link between the patient and the various professionals on the health care team (Wagner & Bear, 2009).Evaluating health care from the patient's perspective is essential in the process of improving health care quality (Sahin, Yilmaz, & Lee, 2007). Although it is not the only way to evaluate patient satisfaction, specific survey instruments used to measure patient satisfaction with nursing care are commonly presented in the literature (Cheng & Lai, 2010; Coban & Kasikci, 2010; Laschinger, Hall, Pedersen, & Almost, 2005).Patient satisfaction is considered a complex construct that includes the patient's rela- tionship with health care providers on the medical team and with the physical and orga- nizational environment (Wagner & Bear, 2009). The most widely accepted definition of patient satisfaction with nursing care is the one proposed by Risser (1975), who defines the construct as the degree of congruence between the patients' expectations based on their previous experiences and their subjective perceptions of the care they received (including both their cognitive and emotional evaluations).Studies show that patient satisfaction with nursing care has a strong influence on the hospitalization experience (Oflaz & Vural, 2010; Otani, Waterman, Faulkner, Bunoughs, & Dunagan, 2009; Wagner & Bear, 2009) and on patient satisfaction with hospitalization in general (Otani, Waterman, & Dunagan, 2012).One of the specific measures for evaluating patient satisfaction with nursing care, the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (NSNS), measures not only patient satisfaction with nursing care but also the patient's experiences during hospitalization (Thomas, McColl, Priest, Bond, & Boys, 1996). The NSNS is composed of two scales: the 26-item Experiences of Nursing Care Scale and the 19-item Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale. The responses are given on a 5-point Likert-type scale with the total score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate more positive patient experiences and greater patient satisfaction with the nursing care received.This instrument is appropriate for measuring patient satisfaction in medical, surgical, and postpartum units (Peterson, Charles, DiCenso, & Sword, 2005), and it has been used in various countries, such as Turkey (Akin & Erdogan, 2007; Findik, Unsar, & Sut, 2010), Italy (Piredda et ah, 2007), Spain (Alonso, Blanco-Ramos, & Ganoso, 2005), Jordan (Ahmad & Alasad, 2004; Alasad & Ahmad, 2003; Alhusban & Abualrub, 2009), Poland (Gutysz-Wojnicka, Dyk, Cudak, & Ozga, 2012), England (Walsh & Walsh, 1999), and Canada (Peterson et ah, 2005). The findings have indicated that the reliability and validity of the scales are satisfactory. …