Fabrication and characterization of direct-written 3D TiO2 woodpile electromagnetic bandgap structures

Three groups of three-dimensional(3D) TiO2 woodpile electromagnetic gap materials with tailed rheological properties were developed for direct-written fabrication. Appropriate amount of polyethyleneimine(PEI) dispersants allow the preparation of TiO2 inks with a high solid content of 42 vol.%, which enables them to flow through the nozzles easily.The inks exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. The measured microwave characteristics of the results agree well with simulations based on plane wave expansion(PWE).