Lithium batteries with polymer electrodes

Lithium primary batteries are a comparatively new type of primary battery. Since they were first introduced, however, they have found a variety of applications, mainly in consumer uses. Lithium batteries have the lightweight properties of lithium, such as low specific gravity (0.53) and low potential (− 3.0 V vs NHE), and by using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, they have the following superior characteristics: 1. High voltage (approximately 3 V) 2. High energy density 3. Low self-discharge rate 4. Wide operating temperature range