Solid discrete element modeling using nonmanifold topological data structures

The article proposes a data representation scheme and a modeling process for the computer simulation of solid discrete elements representing blocks in a rock mass. This problem is treated by creating and maintaining a spatial subdivision, defined by a set of surface patches. The main goal is to provide a layer of abstraction capable of hiding the geometric and topological problems which occur when one creates and manipulates spatial subdivisions. The study of arbitrary spatial subdivisions extends and unifies the techniques used in nonmanifold solid modeling and allows the modeling of heterogeneous objects, such as solid discrete element models.