Пути повышения эффективности отбора растений в популяциях сои при селекции на урожай

In 2010 and 2011 was discovered the efficiency of selection of important soybean genotypes at a stage of separate plants. It was achieved through 3 sowing schemes of artificially created soybean population including coenotically high-yielding soybean variety Vilana, low-yielding variety L-191 and 5 others average-yielding accompanying varieties. The selection results were compared according to the direct trait (seeds weight of a plant) and according to the criterion based on the usage of a background trait. The best variant of plants placement scheme and effective selection criterion were determined by plants quantity of variety Vilana included into the selected part of population. The obtained data showed the direct dependency of selection efficiency of selective valuable soybean plants in population from both the used selection criterion and sowing scheme. The conclusion was made that the selection of separate plants in soybean population according to the direct trait of seeds weight of a plant irrespective of nutrition area and plants placement equability is ineffective. The selection criterion based on the usage of a background trait is characterized by good differentiating ability that provides high efficiency of identification of potentially productive soybean plants. It was determined that the creation of equal nutrition area for plants contributes to the increase of identification accuracy coenotically high-yielding plants in soybean populations. In order to achieve the effective selection of potentially productive plants of soybean population it is advisable to grow plants in the conditions of sparse density of planting which provides the development the maximum number of selective valuable genotypes and the lowered probability of their loss.