Phytosterols: Targeting Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration.

Plant-derived sterols, phytosterols, are well known for their cholesterol-lowering activity in serum and their anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, phytosterols have received considerable attention due to their beneficial effects on various non-communicable diseases, and recommended use as daily dietary components. The signaling pathways mediated in brain by phytosterols have been evaluated, but little is known of their effects on neuroinflammation, and no clinical studies have been undertaken phytosterols of interest. In this review, we discuss the beneficial roles of phytosterols, including their attenuating effects on inflammation, blood cholesterol levels, and hallmarks of disease, and their regulatory effects on neuroinflammatory disease pathways. Despite recent advancements made in phytosterol pharmacology, some critical questions remain unanswered. Therefore, we have tried to highlight the potentials of phytosterols as viable therapeutics against neuroinflammation and to direct future research with respect to clinical applications.