大气电场数据误差的影响分析 Analysis of the Atmospheric Electric Field Data Error Impact

为研究大气电场数据误差影响，解决大气电场仪数据一致性问题，本文采用Ansoft Maxwell电磁场仿真软件，以不同尺寸的立方体代替地面上凸出的建筑物、高压线、金属杆、树木等，进行了仿真计算和分析。分析表明：地物环境和电场仪安装高度对地面大气电场测量结果的影响较大，使得地面大气电场仪各观测点数据间缺乏可比性。得出电场仪的安装要考虑环境因素，其离障碍物距离不得低于障碍物高度的3倍、宽度的2倍，同时考虑障碍物高度c和宽深比a/b的影响。设备高度和环境的影响，可利用线性拟合对照标准场所测量数据进行修正。 For the study of atmospheric electric field data error, solving the problem of atmospheric electric field instrument data consistency, this paper simulated different size of the cube instead of the real buildings, high voltage wire, metal rods, trees and so on with Ansoft Maxwell electromagnetic field simulation software. Analysis shows that the terrain environment and instrument installation height on the ground have a great influence on the ground atmospheric electric field measurement results, which makes the atmospheric electric field instrument data lack of comparability between each observation point. It is concluded that the installation of the electric field instrument must consider environmental factors, it away from the obstacle distance shall not be less than 3 times of the barrier height and 2 times of the width, considering the influence of the barrier height c and width depth ratio a/b at the same time. The influence of the height and environmental equipment can use linear fitting to correct with reference to the standard measurement data.