Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine versus Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a non-randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited by suboptimal efficacy Methods From January 30, 2020 to March 23, 2020, we conducted a non-randomised controlled trial, in which all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were assigned to three groups non-randomly and given supportive treatments: Group A, Lopinavir-Ritonavir;Group B,Huashi Baidu Formula(a Chinese medicineformula made by the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences to treatCOVID-19, which is now in the clinical trial period) and Lopinavir-Ritonavir;and Group C, Huashi Baidu Formula The use of antibiotics, antiviruses, and corticosteroids was permitted in Group A and B Traditional Chinese medicine injections were permitted in Group C The primary outcomes were clinical remission time (interval from admission to the first time the patient tested negatively for novel coronavirus or an obvious improvement was observed from chest CT) and clinical remission rate (number of patients whose clinical time was within 16 days/total number of patients) Results A total of 60 adult patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at sites in Wuhan, China, and the sample size of each group was 20 In Groups A, B and C, the clinical remission rates were95 0%(19/20), 100 0%(20/20) and 100 0%(20/20), respectively Compared with Groups A and B, the clinical remission time of Group C was significantly shorter (5 9 days vs 10 8 days, P < 0 050;5 9 days vs 9 7 days, P < 0 050) There was no significant difference among Groups A, B, and C in terms of the time taken to be released from quarantine The clinical biochemical indicators and safety indexes showed no significant differences among the three groups Conclusions Our findings suggest that Lopinavir-Ritonavir has some efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, and the Huashi Baidu Formula might enhance this effect to an extent In addition, superiority was displayed in the treatment of COVID-19 through a combination of the Huashi Baidu Formula and traditional Chinese medicine injection In future, well-designed prospective double-blinded randomised control trials are required to confirm our findings