Sustainable bioenergy production

Abstract In this chapter, an overview on sustainable bioenergy will be given with emphasis on biodiesel and biogas production. The major aims highlight the challenges of renewable clean energy production, which are several, ranging from the production of nonedible oil seeds as source of bioenergy, in the other words, raw materials should not compete with food production, to methodologies for the generation of economically viable energy. Most countries present diverse sources of biomass, but Brazil stands out due to edaphoclimate conditions for ethanol and biodiesel production. In Brazil, changes by the decision-makers on the energy matrix, in the long run, were able to make viable the increase in the proportion of renewable biofuels in petroleum derivatives. In this context, search for cleaner production and governance of stakeholders are the great challenge to expand the use of bioenergy with sustainability in the global energy matrix.