Exercise intervention and inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis

Background Inflammatory activity plays a role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise confers survival benefit. We performed a meta-analysis of changes in inflammatory biomarkers over the course of exercise interventions in patients with CAD. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Collaboration, AMED, and CINAHL for studies reporting peripheral inflammatory biomarker concentrations before and after exercise interventions of ≥2 weeks in patients with CAD. Data were summarized using standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% CIs. Results Twenty-three studies were included. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP; SMD −0.345, 95% CI −0.444 to −0.246, n = 1,466, P P P P = .027) were lower postintervention. Higher total cholesterol (B = −0.328, 95% CI −0.612 to −0.043, P = .026) and higher total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (B = −0.250, 95% CI −0.425 to −0.076, P = .008) at baseline were associated with greater reductions in CRP. In controlled studies, follow-up concentrations of CRP (SMD −0.500, 95% CI −0.844 to −0.157, n exercise/control = 485/284, P = .004), and fibrinogen (SMD −0.544, 95% CI −1.058 to −0.030, n exercise/control = 148/100, P = .038) were lower in subjects who exercised compared with controls. Conclusion Exercise training is associated with reduced inflammatory activity in patients with CAD. C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have provided the strongest evidence. Higher baseline CRP and adverse baseline lipid profiles predicted greater reductions in CRP.