Efficacy of bioconversion of paper mill bamboo sludge and lime waste by composting and vermiconversion technologies.

Abstract Paper Mill Bamboo Sludge (PMBS) and Paper Mill Lime Waste (PMLW) are extensively produced as solid wastes in paper mills. Untreated PMBS and PMLW contain substantial amount of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) in soluble forms. Efficiency of vermiconversion and aerobic composting with these wastes is reported here. Adopted bioconversion systems enhanced the availability of some essential nutrients (N, P, K and Zn) in various combinations of cow dung (CD) with PMBS and PMLW. Colonization of nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria considerably intensified under the vermiconversion system. Moreover, significant metal detoxification occurred due to vermiconversion. Various combinations of bioconverted PMBS and PMLW were applied to tissue cultured bamboo ( Bambusa tulda ) and chilli ( Capsicum annum ). Accelerated nutrient uptake coupled with improved soil quality resulted in significant production of chilli. Furthermore, vermiconverted PMBS + CD (1:1) and PMLW + CD (1:3) confirmed as potential enriching substrate for tissue cultured bamboo.