Statut social et émigration internationale des femmes au Burkina Faso

Le statut social de la femme est un critere de differenciation dans le domaine de la migration internationale feminine. Cependant la litterature reste peu prolixe sur la relation entre celui-ci et la pratique migratoire. Cette etude vise a documenter les liens entre le statut des femmes et leurs comportements migratoires dans le contexte burkinabe. Elle s’appuie sur des donnees secondaires, 3 880 femmes âgees de 15 ans et plus, issues de l’enquete sur l’Interaction entre Politiques Publiques, Migrations et Developpement (IPPMD) au Burkina Faso en 2014 collectees aupres de 2 200 menages. L’analyse a ete a la fois descriptive (bivariee et multivariee) et explicative (regression logistique). Les resultats montrent que le statut social de la femme est negativement associe a l’emigration internationale des femmes. Les emigrees sont celles qui ont un statut faible. Elles resident en milieu rural, dans des menages ayant une experience migratoire et un niveau de vie faible. Le statut social de la femme explique le depart vers l’etranger chez les femmes Burkinabe et contribue a l’exacerbation des flux migratoires au Burkina Faso. Le sexe du chef de menage et la taille du menage constituent un autre groupe de variables qui influencent directement l’emigration des femmes mais aussi de facon indirecte via le statut de celles-ci. En conclusion, cette etude aurait contribue a une comprehension plus large sur les migrations feminines au Burkina Faso. Au regard de ces resultats, l’amelioration des conditions de vie des femmes et l’analyse de l’impact de l’emigration internationale de cellesci sur certains secteurs de developpement local telles que la sante et l’education constituent des pistes a explorer afin de contribuer a l’autonomisation des femmes d’une part et de tirer les avantages qu’offre la migration d’autre part.   The social status of women is a criterion of differentiation in the field of international female migration. However, the literature is not very prolific on the relationship between this and the practice of migration. This study aims to document the links between the status of women and their migratory behavior in the Burkina Faso context. The study is based on secondary data, 3,880 women aged 15 and over, from the survey on the Interaction between Public Policies, Migration and Development (IPPMD) in Burkina Faso in 2014 collected from 2,200 households. The analysis was both descriptive (bivariate and multivariate) and explanatory. Results show that the social status of women is negatively associated with the international emigration of women. The emigrants are those who have a weak status. They live in rural areas, in households with migratory experience and a low standard of living. The social status of women explains the departure abroad among Burkinabe women and contributes to the exacerbation of migratory flows in Burkina Faso. The sex of the head of the household and the size of the household constitute another group of variables that directly influence the emigration of women but also indirectly via their status. In conclusion, this study would have contributed to a broader understanding of female migration in Burkina Faso. Based on these results, improving the living conditions of women and analyzing the impact of their international emigration on sectors of local development such as health and education are avenues for consideration to explore in order to contribute to the empowerment of women on the one hand and to reap the benefits of migration on the other.