Perivascular Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Alterations in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Epilepsy

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important to maintain brain homeostasis, which is crucial for the functionality of neuronal networks. BBB dysfunction is observed in several neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Prolonged BBB dysfunction and subsequent perivascular inflammation as well as alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) play an important role in epileptogenesis. In this chapter we aim to give an overview of the processes involved in BBB dysfunction and epileptogenesis and provide evidence from animal as well as from human studies. We will focus on modulators of BBB function including specific cell types, inflammatory mediators as well as ECM molecules. Furthermore, we will discuss new therapeutic targets and the results of intervention studies that are important for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in epilepsy.