Diabetes mellitus associated with an increased risk of percutaneous coronary intervention long-term adverse outcomes in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Abstract Aims This study compared the incidence rates of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and patients without DM with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a national population-based cohort to determine if the patients with DM have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study among 92,624 patients with and without DM, who underwent PCI for the first time in 2000–2008. The patients were identified from National Health Insurance Program Database through propensity score matching. Endpoints were the occurrence of PCI adverse outcomes, including myocardial infarction (MI), need for target vessel revascularization by either bypass surgery or repeat PCI, all-cause mortality or 2011/12/31. Incidence rate was calculated and hazard ratios of PCI adverse events were estimated using Cox’s proportional hazard regression model. Results During the mean six-year follow up, the rates of MI (incidence rate 20.96 vs. 15.59 per 1,000 person-years), bypass surgery (incidence rate 8.15 vs. 5.15 per 1,000 person-years), all-cause mortality (incidence rate 6.20 vs. 4.72 per 1,000 person-years), and the composite measure of MI, repeat PCI, bypass surgery, all-cause mortality (incidence rate 37.31 vs. 28.14 per 1,000 person-years) were higher in patients with DM. The corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.39), 1.46 (1.38, 1.56), 1.34 (1.25, 1.44), and 1.31 (1.27, 1.35). However, the repeat PCI rate (incidence rate 2.65 vs. 2.70 per 1,000 person-years; with an adjusted HR of 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) was not statistically different. Conclusions This nationwide retrospective cohort study determined a positive correlation between PCI adverse events and DM. As the prevalence of DM and PCI continues to increase, novel treatments and intensified surveillance coronary angiography for high risk patients are needed.