Post-stroke Movement Disorders: The Clinical, Neuroanatomic, and Demographic Portrait of 284 Published Cases

Purpose Abnormal movements are a relatively uncommon complication of strokes. Besides the known correlation between stroke location and certain movement disorders, there remain uncertainties about the collective effects of age and stroke mechanism on phenomenology, onset latency, and outcome of abnormal movements. Materials and Methods We systematically reviewed all published cases and case series with adequate clinical-imaging correlations. A total of 284 cases were analyzed to evaluate the distribution of different movement disorders and their association with important cofactors. Results Posterolateral thalamus was the most common region affected (22.5%) and dystonia the most commonly reported movement disorder (23.2%). The most common disorders were parkinsonism (17.4%) and chorea (17.4%) after ischemic strokes and dystonia (45.5%) and tremor (19.7%) after hemorrhagic strokes. Strokes in the caudate and putamen were complicated by dystonia in one third of the cases; strokes in the globus pallidus were followed by parkinsonism in nearly 40%. Chorea was the earliest poststroke movement disorder, appearing within hours, whereas dystonia and tremor manifested several months after stroke. Hemorrhagic strokes were responsible for most delayed-onset movement disorders (>6 months) and were particularly overrepresented among younger individuals affected by dystonia. Conclusions This evidence-mapping portrait of poststroke movement disorders will require validation or correction based on a prospective epidemiologic study. We hypothesize that selective network vulnerability and resilience may explain the differences observed in movement phenomenology and outcomes after stroke.