3D Whole‐heart free‐breathing qBOOST‐T2 mapping

PURPOSE: To develop an accelerated motion corrected 3D whole-heart imaging approach (qBOOST-T2) for simultaneous high-resolution bright- and black-blood cardiac MR imaging and quantitative myocardial T2 characterization. METHODS: Three undersampled interleaved balanced steady-state free precession cardiac MR volumes were acquired with a variable density Cartesian trajectory and different magnetization preparations: (1) T2-prepared inversion recovery (T2prep-IR), (2) T2-preparation, and (3) no preparation. Image navigators were acquired prior the acquisition to correct for 2D translational respiratory motion. Each 3D volume was reconstructed with a low-rank patch-based reconstruction. The T2prep-IR volume provides bright-blood anatomy visualization, the black-blood volume is obtained by means of phase sensitive reconstruction between first and third datasets, and T2 maps are generated by matching the signal evolution to a simulated dictionary. The proposed sequence has been evaluated in simulations, phantom experiments, 11 healthy subjects and compared with 3D bright-blood cardiac MR and standard 2D breath-hold balanced steady-state free precession T2 mapping. The feasibility of the proposed approach was tested on 4 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: High linear correlation (y = 1.09 x -0.83, R(2) = 0.99) was found between the proposed qBOOST-T2 and T2 spin echo measurements in phantom experiment. Good image quality was observed in vivo with the proposed 4x undersampled qBOOST-T2. Mean T2 values of 53.1 +/- 2.1 ms and 55.8 +/- 2.7 ms were measured in vivo for 2D balanced steady-state free precession T2 mapping and qBOOST-T2, respectively, with linear correlation of y = 1.02x+1.46 (R(2) = 0.61) and T2 bias = 2.7 ms. CONCLUSION: The proposed qBOOST-T2 sequence allows the acquisition of 3D high-resolution co-registered bright- and black-blood volumes and T2 maps in a single scan of ~11 min, showing promising results in terms of T2 quantification.