Hot-stage transmission electron microscopy studies of phase transformations in tin-modified lead zirconate titanate

The temperature dependence of phase stability for tin‐modified lead zirconate titanate solid solution ceramics Pb(0.98)Nb0.02[(Zr1−x, Snx)1−yTiy]1−zO3 (PZST) was investigated by hot‐stage transmission electron microscopy. Compositions studied included, a material that was antiferroelectric (AFE) at room temperature with x=0.42 and y=0.04, and a material that was ferroelectric (FE) at room temperature with x=0.43 and y=0.08 (abbreviated as PZST 42/4/2 and 43/8/2, respectively). PZST 42/4/2 was found to exhibit a sequence of phase transformations on heating of AFE–multicell cubic (MCC)–simple cubic (SC), whereas PZST 43/8/2 had a sequence of FE‐AFE‐MCC‐SC. Previously referred to F spots (i.e., 1/2[111] superlattice spots) were observed in all four phases. The diffraction intensities for the F spots decreased with increasing temperature, and eventually disappeared above 300 °C. Electron diffraction confirmed the presence of the MCC phase which was characterized by the existence of weak 1/2[110] superlattice ...