A strategy-based coalition formation model for hybrid wind/PV/FC/MT/DG/battery multi-microgrid systems considering demand response programs

Abstract In this paper, we propose an analytic approach to identify the best coalition among microgrids in multi-microgrid systems. The proposed model evaluates all of the strategies and ranks them from the viewpoint of MGs. At first, the utility of the strategies for each microgrid is calculated. The class of the strategies is determined by their utility, and the best strategy is selected using the average class. The proposed algorithm enjoys a cooperative game and provides a stable coalition for microgrids. In this cooperative game, the overall gain of each strategy is divided among the cooperator microgrids based on their contributions. We utilize the Shapley value to allocate the cost of each cooperator microgrid in a strategy. The Shapley value assigns a unique distribution function for each actor to determine a fair allocation. The proposed scheme is applied to the standard small-scale and large-scale systems. The results of case studies demonstrate that the proposed coalition formation significantly reduces the operating cost of the system and the amount of involuntary load shedding. Also, the proposed model improves the total operating costs of the small-scale and large-scale multi-microgrid systems by 19.98 and 19.44 percent, respectively.