ETIOPATOGENIA E DIAGNÓSTICO DA TROMBOSE VENOSA PROFUNDA NA GESTAÇÃO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Introduction: Gestation and the postpartum period are associated with several physiological changes that result in an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and is presented through two different clinical entities: pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The manifestation of common signs and symptoms during pregnancy associated with limitation in the use of radiatiotn and normal progressive elevation of D-dimer make the diagnosis of DVT during pregnancy challenging. Development: This is a review article based on systematically selected papers in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases based on the indexes: venous thrombosis, pregnancy and diagnosis. Final considerations: Gestation represents a transient prothrombotic state, where all components of the Virchow triad are affected. Several factors associated with the gestational period result in an epidemiological pattern and distinct clinical manifestation of the non-pregnant population. DVT represents the majority of cases of symptomatic VTE in the prepartum period and predominantly affects the proximal venous system. The prothrombotic state results in elevation of D-dimer levels in pregnancy, decreasing the specificity of the test. Compression ultrasonography represents the examination of choice in view of the suspicion of DVT during pregnancy. The diagnostic investigation has important limitations and needs studies directed to the development and improvement of strategies for the diagnosis of DVT in pregnant women.