Acute myelitis associated with dengue infection

Abstract Objectives To present a rare neurological complication of dengue fever. Patients and methods A 24-year-old female presented with acute myelitis seven days after dengue fever onset. Results The patient presented with intense fever. The day-7 examination revealed a paraparesis, T2 sensory level, and urinary retention. The patient complained of electric discharges in the four limbs. The sitting and standing positions were impossible. An MRI of the spinal cord performed on day 8 revealed diffuse medullar hyper intense lesions on T2-weighted sequences at the cervical and thoracic levels, with enhancement of the thoracic lesion after gadolinium injection. Laboratory tests revealed positive dengue antigen on day 5 and positive IgM/IgG on day 8. Treatment with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone was initiated. Conclusion Dengue virus has not often been reported as a cause of myelitis. Physicians must be aware of this rare complication in patients living in or coming from endemic areas.