Clinical laboratory studies of smokeless tobacco use

Abstract Nicotine is the primary addictive constituent of tobacco products. The purpose of the chapter is to review the findings of clinical smokeless tobacco (ST) laboratory studies of use characteristics, user preferences, and additive content. Assessment tools such as the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST), the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), and the Product Evaluation Scale (PES) are discussed and their strengths and limitations noted. The absorption of nicotine from ST products is contingent upon both user behaviors and product characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on characteristics that affect nicotine bioavailability and thus addiction liability. Some other factors that affect use, such as format, are mentioned. Projections and suggestions are offered for the future of clinical laboratory studies.