Electronic data protection method and device based on biological characteristic and mobile cryptographic key

A electronic data protection method based on biological characteristic and mobile key comprises that user accesses mobile key device to local computer for register, storing mixedly of biological characteristic template ciphertext and secondary key in the device; enciphering or deciphering the access file, accessing the device for detecting communication pipeline safety; analyzing the ciphertext and secondary key, deciphering biological characteristic template using secondary cipher and returning to local computer; inputting user biological characteristic, checking validity of key ownership; if checking is passing, enciphering or deciphering the file using the biological characteristic template cleartext, or operation is forbidden. In the invention, the biological characteristic and secondary key are transferred to mobile device, correlation is introduced to key and owner, key safety is promoted. The local computer has not key and has only ciphered data, even if deciphering guard system obtains enciphered data, it can not decipher the enciphered data for lack of key.