Observational learning of a baseball-pitch: the effect of different model demonstrations

The aim of the present research was to investigate the effects of observing different model demonstrations inclusive video, stick-figure and point-light models on observational learning of a Baseball pitch. 41 young adults performed 5 pretest trials, three blocks of 10 acquisition trials, and two retention tests of 5 trials in 10 min and one week after the last acquisition block. Kinematic pattern, movement form, and movement time of overall movement and movement phases were measured as dependent variables. Results showed no significant differences between demonstration groups and control group in all variables. Analysis of movement phases showed a significant improvement in stride phase from pretest to acquisition blocks in all variables. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and methodological aspects.