Interaction with teichoic acids contributes to highly effective antibacterial activity of graphene oxide on Gram-positive bacteria

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) has high-efficient antibacterial activity to diverse pathogenic bacteria. However, the detailed antibacterial mechanism of GO is not fully clear. Herein the antibacterial properties of GO against model Gram-positive (Gram+) (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Gram−) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) were compared by plate count method. Results showed that 4 mg/L of GO induced the mortality of Gram+ and Gram− bacteria by > 99% and