Целиакия современные представления о патогенезе и классификация (обзор)

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by the continued ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye, by predisposed individuals. Disease is recognized with prevalence 0,5-1,0% in population. Almost all celiac patients carry the human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 gene. In this review we discuss pathogenesis of celiac disease and modern classification. The intestinal biopsy remains the "gold standard" of the diagnosis showing villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. The only effective treatment necessitates a lifelong, continual adherence to a gluten-free diet. The ability and effectiveness of enzyme therapy is discussed.