The effect of applied salinity and water stress on chemical suppression of Phytophthora ramorum from soilborne inoculum in Rhododendron.
2021
A serious concern for nurseries is the potential for Phytophthora ramorum and other Phytophthora species to colonize roots without inducing aboveground symptoms in plants that then serve as cryptic reservoirs of inoculum. Episodic abiotic stresses that reduce plant water potential can compromise host resistance to trigger disease development from root and crown infections in many Phytophthora-plant interactions. We conducted a series of experiments with root-inoculated Rhododendron plants in a potting soil mix to assess influence of excess salt or water deficit on ramorum blight development and the potential for these abiotic stresses to affect efficacy of oomycete-suppressive chemical soil treatments. In growth chamber trials, P. ramorum colonized roots in both non-salted and salt-treated plants. However, salt treatment offset the benefit realized from soil treatment with mefanoxam (Subdue Maxx) or mandipropamid (Micora), as evidenced by enhanced pathogen colonization of roots. A three-week episode of water stress imposed after chemical treatment but prior to inoculation eliminated protection against P. ramorum root colonization conferred by fosetyl-Al (Aliette). In an outdoor experimental nursery, foliar symptoms were apparent in 23% of root-inoculated plants in two trials and absent in one trial. However, the majority of inoculated plants in all trials had colonized roots with little or no aboveground symptoms. A single application of Subdue Maxx or Aliette reduced root colonization by P. ramorum in Rhododendron plants. Although salt stress did not enhance ramorum blight symptom expression in the nursery, salt partially offset protection from P. ramorum root colonization obtained by Subdue Maxx.
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