Conventional nutritional counselling maintains nutritional status of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in spite of systemic inflammation and decrease of residual renal function

AIM: To evaluate the effect of nutritional counselling on nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: Twenty-nine peritoneal dialysis patients were randomly selected to receive conventional nutritional counselling during 6 months of follow up. All patients had monthly clinical and biochemical evaluations, and assessments of dialysis adequacy, inflammation and nutritional status at 0, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Moderate-severe malnutrition decreased 28% whereas normal nutrition increased 23% at final evaluation (non-significant). Calorie and protein intake remained stable throughout the study (baseline vs final, calorie: 24 +/- 8 vs 23 +/- 5 Kcal/kg; protein: 1.1 +/- 0.5 vs 1.0 +/- 0.3 g/Kg, respectively). On the other hand, triceps (16 +/- 6 vs 18 +/- 8 mm) and subscapular (17 +/- 8 vs 20 +/- 5 mm) skinfold thicknesses, and mid-arm circumference (27 +/- 3 vs 28 +/- 3 mm) significantly increased; mid-arm muscle area displayed a non-significant trend to increase (30 +/- 9 vs 31 +/- 9 cm(2)) whereas serum albumin significantly increased at the end of study (2.67 +/- 0.46 vs 2.94 +/- 0.48 g/dL). At final evaluation, median renal creatinine clearance decreased (6.3 (0.8-15.3) vs 2.0 (0.1-6.3) L/week per 1.73 m(2)) whereas interleukin-6 increased (2.33 (1.9-7.0) vs 4.02 (2.1-8.4) pg/mL). CONCLUSION: Even though conventional nutritional counselling, as an isolated measure, did not significantly improve all nutritional parameters, it prevented a greater deterioration during 6 months. Nutritional counselling maintained the nutritional status in spite of a decrease in residual renal function and higher systemic inflammation.