Breeding numerous forestry varieties for agroforestry lines: renewing previous methods

Low-cost seed orchards designed to reduce risks ► Enhanced selection pressure and reduced inbreeding risks by combining in each seed orchard plants selected in several nurseries and during several growing seasons. ► A thinning of 1⁄2 to 1⁄4 selected plants will assure to keep the very best ones. ► Putative seed orchards will finally be accredited after demonstrating that selected plants remain superior when compared to ordinary ones co-planted as controls, and if the orchards have a commercial interest when the trees are matured. ► Reduction of the risks for planters: several putative seed orchards per bushy or tree species are planted so that at least one remains in case some selections fail. No grafting is realized so that unaccredited orchards can remain simple productive plantations.