Bacterial community structure and its relationship to soil physico-chemical characteristics in alder stands with different management histories

Abstract The two alder species, black alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and grey alder ( Alnus incana (L.) Moench) are known to be pioneer species in the succession of new land areas, and important tree species in renewable biomass production, the restoration of post-mining sites and riparian forest ecosystems. We analyzed the influence of soil physico-chemical characteristics (soil water content, pH KCl , total N, soluble P, organic matter content, C and N ratio, and elemental content) on bacterial community structure based on pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V2 and partly V3 region in two black and two grey alder stand soils with different management histories. The analyses revealed clear differences in all the measured chemical characteristics of studied soils. All the studied stands also had distinct soil bacterial communities, and the number of shared species was low. In all stands species from phylum Proteobacteria were dominant, and the next phyla by percentage were Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria . At the family level, Chitinophagaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae species dominated. The obtained bacterial community Inverted Simpson's diversity indices showed no difference between the studied sites. The alder species did not affect soil bacterial community structure. Distance-based regression analysis indicated that soil pH value, water content, soluble phosphorus concentration and also total boron, cadmium, and aluminium content were related to the variation of soil bacterial community structure in alder stand soils. The results of this study emphasize the importance of soil geomorphological properties in addition to soil physical and chemical characteristics in the formation of soil bacterial community structure during restoration of exhausted open mining areas, management of abandoned agricultural lands, and short rotation forests with different alder species.